Jalapeño peppers are a staple in Mexican and American cuisine, producing sausage-shaped fruits that average 3.5 inches by 1.5 inches. The upright plants grow up to 30 inches tall and provide a continuous harvest, making them an excellent choice for home gardens. These peppers mature in about 75 days and have a medium heat level of 5,000 Scoville Heat Units.
Named after their native city of Xalapa, Veracruz, jalapeños are among the most recognized chili peppers in Mexico and the United States. When smoked and dried, they transform into chipotles—a technique that dates back to the Aztecs. Texas, the leading producer of jalapeño peppers in the U.S., officially named the jalapeño its state pepper in 1995.
Transplanting Seedlings:
- Timing: Transplant Jalapeño seedlings outdoors in Pendleton once the soil temperature reaches at least 65°F and nighttime temperatures consistently stay above 55°F. Frost or cold temperatures can damage the plants, so ensure the growing season has begun.
- Preparation: Select a sunny location with fertile, well-draining soil. Amend the soil with compost or organic matter to provide the necessary nutrients for optimal growth.
- Spacing: Space seedlings 18-24 inches apart, with rows 24-36 inches apart. Proper spacing encourages good airflow and prevents disease.
- Planting Depth: Carefully remove seedlings from their pots, keeping the root ball intact. Place them in the soil at the same depth they were growing in their containers.
- Watering: Water the plants immediately after transplanting to help establish roots. Maintain consistent moisture levels throughout the season but avoid overwatering, as jalapeños prefer slightly moist, well-drained soil.
- Mulching: Apply a thin layer of organic mulch around the plants to retain moisture, regulate soil temperature, and suppress weed growth.
- Support: As jalapeño plants grow, they can become top-heavy with fruit. Consider using stakes or small cages to prevent the plants from bending or breaking under their weight.
- Fertilizing: Feed the plants with a balanced fertilizer every 3-4 weeks during the growing season to encourage healthy growth and abundant fruiting.
Growing: Maintain evenly moist soil and keep weeds under control, using mulch to help with moisture retention and weed suppression. During periods of intense heat and sunlight, provide shade to prevent the plants from wilting.
Harvesting: The timing of jalapeño harvesting depends on your heat preference. Allowing the peppers to mature on the vine increases their heat, while picking them green encourages continued production. Use scissors or a knife to carefully cut the peppers to avoid damaging the delicate stems. Jalapeño plants produce an extended harvest, ensuring a steady supply of these versatile peppers for fresh use or preservation.
Latin Name: Capsicum annuum
Type: Open Pollinated, Heirloom, Hot Pepper, Warm Season
USDA Zones: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
Planting Method: From Transplant
Sunlight: Full Sun
Height: 30 Inches
Color: Red, Green
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